Shafiq Ur Rahman Khan

--> Gotras - family lines Gotra A term applied to a clan, a group of families, or a lineage - exogamous and patrilineal - whose members trace their descent to a common ancestor, usually a sage of ancient times. A gotra is of immense importance to a Hindu for it shores up his identity. All Hindu ceremonies require a statement of the gotra. A devout Hindu speaks out his gotra and pravara every day in the morning. Gotra also comes of use during the performance of the rites of passage or sanskaras. People of the same gotra (sagotra) are not allowed to marry, to prevent inbreeding. At weddings, the gotra of the bride and the groom are proclaimed aloud to establish that they are not breaking this socially ordained genetic precaution. Marriages between certain gotras are also not allowed; for instance, marriages between those of the Vasishtha and Vishvamitra gotras are not permitted. This is because these two sages were opponents and their descendants are traditional foes

                                                                           Article : - Shafiqur Rahman khan with Ajeet singh Sain  Shimla, the ‘queen of hills’ attracts a large number of tourists from various parts of the country as well abroad. The purpose of the visit to the state varies from one group to the other, for many the lure of the hills is the chief attraction while others flock to this town for a variety of other reasons. The lean tourist season in Shimla will see a lot of young aged tourists coming from the neighboring states for fun and frolic. This segment of tourists comes looking for sexual pleasure. They are either accompanied by a companion or would look for one through the hotels or the travel agencies which arranges their visit. Shimla town, the capital of Himachal Pradesh, and the most developed district of the state is economically sound. Though there is a skewed distribution of the have’s and the have nots in the district as well as in the town. The d

Levirate marriage is a type of marriage in which a woman marries one of her husband's brothers after her husband's death, if there were no children, in order to continue the line of the dead husband. The term is a derivative of the Latin word levir , meaning "husband's brother". Levirate marriage has been practiced by societies with a strong clan structure in which exogamous marriage, i.e. that outside the clan, was forbidden. It is or was known in societies including the Punjabis, Jats, Israelites, Huns (Chinese "Xiongnu", "Hsiong-nu", etc.), Apache, Mongols, and Tibetans. In Judaism, levirate marriage, known as yibbum, is a marital union mandated by the Torah in Deuteronomy 25:5-10, obliging a brother to marry the widow of his childless deceased brother. This was practiced because children were extremely important to the Israelites as well other ancient near east societies. Having children led to security and was a sign of status. Without

There are two universal categories of marriage partner selection restrictions. They are referred to by anthropologists as exogamy and endogamy rules . Exogamy rules require that marriage be outside of some defined social group , such as one's own family. In contrast, e ndogamy rules require that it be within some larger group , such as the local community . In other words, rules of exogamy tell you who you cannot marry, while rules of endogamy specify who would be acceptable and preferred as a marriage partner. Both of these types of rules operate at the same time. Social distance is the key factor in this determination. Incest taboos exclude close relatives (the exogamous group). Beyond that group are more distant relatives, friends, and associates (the endogamous group) with whom marriage is usually desirable. More distant still are all outsiders or aliens with whom marriage and sexual relations are by and large either dis

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